Cell Division Flow Chart

 

                               Cell Division Flow Chart

1. Cell Division Overview

👉Types:

• • Mitosis (Somatic cell division)
  • Meiosis (Gamete formation)

2. Mitosis (Eukaryotic Cell Division)

• A. Interphase (Preparation for Mitosis)
  • 1. G1 Phase (Cell Growth)
  • 2. S Phase (DNA Replication)
  • 3. G2 Phase (Final Preparations for Mitosis)
• B. Mitosis (Nuclear Division)
  • 1. Prophase
    • Chromosomes condense
    • Nuclear envelope breaks down
    • Spindle fibers form
  • 2. Metaphase
    • Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
    • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
  • 3. Anaphase
    • Sister chromatids are pulled apart
    • Chromatids move to opposite poles
  • 4. Telophase
    • Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes
    • Chromosomes de-condense
• C. Cytokinesis (Cytoplasmic Division)
  • 1. Animal Cells: Formation of cleavage furrow
  • 2. Plant Cells: Formation of cell plate

3. Meiosis (Formation of Gametes)

• A. Interphase (Similar to Mitosis)
  • 1. G1 Phase (Cell Growth)
  • 2. S Phase (DNA Replication)
  • 3. G2 Phase (Preparation for Meiosis)
• B. Meiosis I (Reduction Division)
  • 1. Prophase I
    • Chromosomes condense
    • Homologous chromosomes pair up (synapsis)
    • Crossing over occurs
    • Nuclear envelope breaks down
    • Spindle fibers form
  • 2. Metaphase I
    • Homologous chromosome pairs align at the metaphase plate
    • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
  • 3. Anaphase I
    • Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles
  • 4. Telophase I
    • Nuclear envelopes may reform
    • Chromosomes may de-condense
• C. Cytokinesis I (Results in Two Haploid Cells)
• D. Meiosis II (Equatorial Division)
  • 1. Prophase II
    • Chromosomes condense
    • Nuclear envelope breaks down
    • Spindle fibers form
  • 2. Metaphase II
    • Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
    • Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
  • 3. Anaphase II
    • Sister chromatids are pulled apart
  • 4. Telophase II
    • Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes
    • Chromosomes de-condense
• E. Cytokinesis II (Results in Four Haploid Cells)

4. Final Products

• Mitosis: Two genetically identical diploid cells
• Meiosis: Four genetically diverse haploid gametes