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Innate Immunity (Immediate Response)
■Physical Barriers
1.Skin
2.Mucous membranes
3.Cilia in the respiratory tract
🧪Chemical Barriers
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1.pH (stomach acid)
2.Enzymes (lysozyme in saliva)
3.Antimicrobial peptides
● Cellular Response
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1.Phagocytes
2.Macrophages
3.Neutrophils
●Natural Killer (NK) Cells
Target virus-infected cells and cancer cells
Inflammatory Response
Cytokine release
Recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection.
☆Complement System
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▪︎Opsonization (marking pathogens for destruction)
▪︎Membrane attack complex (MAC) formation
Inflammation promotionAcquired (Adaptive) Immunity (Delayed Response)
Antigen Presentation
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells
Lymphocyte Activation
T Cells (Cell-Mediated Immunity)
Helper T cells (CD4+)
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
B Cells (Humoral Immunity)
Plasma cells (produce antibodies)
Memory B cells
Effector Functions
Cytotoxic T cells: Destroy infected or cancerous cells
Antibodies: Neutralize pathogens, opsonize for phagocytosis, activate complement systemMemory ResponseMemory T cells and Memory B cells: Provide quicker and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same pathogenInterplay Between Innate and Acquired ImmunityCytokines from innate immune cells help in activating adaptive immune cells.Antibodies produced by B cells can enhance the phagocytosis of pathogens by innate immune cells.This flow chart outlines the key components and processes of both innate and acquired immunity, highlighting how they work together to protect the body from infections
